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On Wednesday 30th October, many of you encountered a problem accessing the Revolut app. Even though the outage lasted just a few hours, we’re sorry that it happened. This is not the level of service we expect to deliver. In this blog, we’re going to explain exactly what went wrong, and let you know what we’re doing to help avoid it happening again.
Please note, this blog gets pretty technical, but we’ll try to explain terms along the way.
When did this happen?
30th October, 2019 13:32 - 16:00
Here’s what happened
It started with a number of customers being logged out, followed by a significant reduction in performance, which resulted in the Revolut app becoming slow. By slow, we mean that things took seconds rather than the usual milliseconds.
For those who were able to log in, numerous features were affected. Card payments and ATM withdrawals were not affected and continued to work as normal.
Some context surrounding the problem
We release our backend applications — the systems that power the Revolut mobile app — many times a day. Before going to production, every change goes through a phase of automated testing (we follow Test Driven Development as an important part of our change management process).
Successful builds are automatically deployed to what’s known as a ‘staging environment’, where the consistency of the application and the deployment configuration is verified (i.e. we check that it works the way we want it to). Following this, the build can go through a phase of manual verification.
Once we are happy that any proposed changes can be released into production, we trigger what’s called a ‘green-blue deployment’. This green-blue deployment allows us to send requests to the new version of the application, once it's ready to process these requests.
If the new version of the application fails to deploy, then the old version of the application will continue to run. The same procedure is performed in the staging environment.
One of the deployment steps is to change the structure of the database, if required. Since during deployment for a very short period of time the updated database is used by the old application version, to ensure the smooth release of the new version, we have to always make database changes in a backward-compatible manner (meaning that we can go back if necessary).
Unfortunately, due to a human error, changes were made without backward compatibility, meaning that there was a change in the database behind the authentication service that authenticates every mobile app request. When the authentication service isn’t working properly, it leads to problems accessing the app.
Deeper into the issue
For the engineers out there, an unused empty column was removed, however, it remained referenced in some queries to this table, in the previous version of the authentication service running at the time of production. This resulted in authentication errors and automatic logouts in the app.
For all non-engineers, a piece of code was changed, which resulted in you being logged out of the app.
This lasted for a period of a few minutes, but due to the spike in authentication errors (people being logged out and trying to log back in again), an alert was triggered. One of our engineers saw that the errors spiked during deployment, and performed a rollback to the previous version of the service, so that customers would be able to log in again.
Unfortunately, our rollback procedure does not roll back automatic database changes; this step has to be checked manually. As a result, the rollback resulted in the deployment of the previous version of the application, which was not compatible with the version of the database structure*. This led to more authentication errors and more delays.
*This is what engineers refer to as a database schema.
Once our engineers realised the mistake, they brought the database schema in sync with the application about 20 minutes later. During this time a significant number of customers who had been logged out, tried to log back in at the same time. Once the authentication service was back up and running, those users who did manage to log in again started loading account data all at once, causing a spike in pressure on the system, leading to slow response times.
Our backend applications were gradually scaled out in the next 20 minutes (added more servers), which allowed the system to handle more requests, but at the same time created a lot of pressure on the database. We therefore decided to scale out the database (add more servers), which took a further 30 minutes. From that point, response times started gradually normalising, and by 16:00 everything was back to normal.
Still with us?
Here’s what we learned
We generally focus on automating all aspects of the change process and system runtime as much as possible, so that our systems can be more resilient without human intervention. We learned that we have to remove another step in our process that is vulnerable to human error, and to prioritise the automation of validation, with regard to backward compatibility of database structure changes.
We've made our authentication logic more stable so as not to cause logout from the app during intermittent errors, such as we experienced here.
Clearly, scaling of our databases needs to be faster. Ironically, this was a known deficiency and our engineers are currently in the final stages of implementing a solution that addresses this issue.
Even though we took this outage as an opportunity to learn, any interruption to your service is unacceptable, and we wholeheartedly apologise for that. Sometimes systems fail, but it’s by working together that we’re able to fix them.
We’d like to extend our thanks to all of you for your patience, and we hope that you found this debrief informative.
Revolut is a digital bank. It started in 2015 as a travel card providing cheap exchange rates, and it is now slowly becoming a bank.
It is the fastest growing digital bank with the widest array of features. A top choice for those who travel frequently. However, in the UK it might not be able to fully replace your bank.
While at the time of writing it is not operating as a bank, it is slowly becoming one, having received a banking license in December 2018. As a result, Revolut itself doesn’t store your money, it uses Barclays and Lloyds for that. Since it is not yet a bank, it does not offer any deposit protection.
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Revolut Review 2020
Revolut pros and cons
Pros
- Can top-up in and hold several currencies
- An array of expanding extra features (e.g. cryptotrading, disposable virtual cards)
- Premium subscription options with handy perks (e.g. travel insurance)
Cons
- Customer accounts can be frozen temporarily due to security reasons
- Has a banking license, but no current accounts yet (no deposit guarantee or standing orders, direct debits only in EUR)
- Poor customer support
Account opening and maintenance fee
Account opening is free and maintaining your account is also free, with no monthly cost.
Card fees
In the free plan, it costs €5.99/£4.99 to get your first physical card delivered. This is included free in the Premium account.
ATM fees
Withdrawing money from any ATM is free up to €200/£200 per month and it costs 2% after that.
Transfer fee
It’s free to transfer money from your Revolut account to any other international bank with normal wire transfers, and transferring in the same currency is also free. However, there is a charge to use SWIFT.
Currency exchange fee
Exchange rates are always real on Revolut, which means there’s no difference between the buy and the sell price. This is true both when doing an international transfer and when you use an ATM to withdraw money.
Exchanging currencies with Revolut is free up to €1,000/£1,000 per month on weekdays, but it costs 0.5% above this amount.
Revlobot Shutting Down 2020
On weekends it costs between 0.5-2.0% to exchange, both on the free and the paid accounts.
Top-up fee
Revolut does not charge a fee when you top up your account using another bank card.
Revolut Review 2020
Revolut vs. Transferwise
Revolut | Transferwise | |
---|---|---|
Multicurrency account | Yes | Yes |
ATM withdrawal fees (standard account) | €200/£200 /month free 2% after | £200/month free, 2% after |
International transfer fee |
(exc. SWIFT) | €0.5-2.0 |
International transfer exchange fee | 0.5-2.0% on weekends €6,000/£5,000 /month free, additional 0.5% after | 0.35-2.00% |
Revolut Review 2020
Revolut account opening
Opening an account at Revolut is super easy: it takes only a few minutes to do it via your phone, and you will receive your physical card just a couple of days later.
Revolut countries
Revolut is available in the EEA countries, Switzerland, Australia and since March 2020 in the United States of America as well.
Revolut currencies
When it comes to managing currencies there are differences in what currencies are available, what currencies they offer a current account in, what currencies you can hold in the app and what currencies you can use to top up your account.
Current accounts
Available in 28 currencies: AED, AUD, BGN, CAD, CHF, CZK, GBP, HKD, HRK, ILS, ISK, JPY, MAD, MXN, NOK, NZD, PLN, QAR, RON, RSD, RUB, SAR, SEK, SGD, THB, TRY, USD, ZAR.
Currencies in the app
There are 35 currencies you can use to exchange money within the app: AED, AUD, BGN, CAD, CHF, CZK, DKK, EUR, GBP, HKD, HRK, HUF, IDR, ILS, INR, ISK, JPY, MAD, MXN, MYR, NOK, NZD, PHP, PLN, QAR, RON, RSD, RUB, SAR, SEK, SGD, THB, TRY, USD, ZAR.
Top-up currencies
You can top up your Revolut account in 15 currencies: AUD, CAD, CHF, CZK, DKK, EUR, GBP, HKD, JPY, NOK, PLN, RON, SEK, USD, ZAR.
Revolut cards overview
Revolut cards are available from Mastercard and Visa. You can’t pick your own preference, so which one you’ll get is going to be random. In both of the premium plans, though, you can pick a design for your cards from a couple of colors, like grey or rose gold, which is not available in the free plan.
Revolut Premium account benefits
Revolut comes with two premium tiers. The first is simply called Premium and it costs €7.99/£6.99 per month. The higher tier, called Metal, costs €13.99/£12.99. The additional benefit here is that the physical card is a metallic card, instead of a standard plastic card.
Revolut top-up methods
At Revolut, you can use the following top-up methods:
- Bank transfer
- Credit/debit cards
- Apple Pay
Revolut Review 2020
Revolut banking features
While Revolut is not a full-blown bank yet, in some aspects it works similarly or even better than your high street bank:
- You can see your spending categorized by the type of transaction (e.g. shopping, restaurants).
- You can set monthly budgets and spending goals, both overall and for different spending categories.
- You can send money to other Revolut users instantly and for free. You can also send a money request to another user.
- Smart savings are also available, where Revolut will round up the amounts you actually spend and store the difference as savings.
- These savings can also be stored separately for easier overview and management.
- It supports direct debits, but only in EUR.
- You can set up Apple Pay in some countries.
- You can set up Google Pay in some countries.
- You can use 3D Secure online payments.
In other aspects, it lacks some features that are common for its competitors:
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- Revolut offers no interest on your savings.
- Overdrafts are not possible.
- Joint accounts are also not available.
Revolut Review 2020
Revolut additional features
While you can only use Revolut through your mobile app and it is not available on a desktop computer as a website, it does offer several other additional features:
- Personal loans
- Phone insurance
- Travel insurance
- Virtual cards
- Cryptocurrency purchase
Especially the easy to understand fees table was great!
Revolut Review 2020
Revolut customer service
You can contact Revolut via:
- Live chat
- Phone: The phone support is automated and can only be used for blocking your card.
Customer service is available 24/7.